What is Reinforced Concrete?
Composite building material like reinforced concrete consists of concrete strengthened by the inclusion of steel rebar, welded wire mesh, and steel fibers. Concrete has a special characteristic that provides it good resistance to compressive forces (pushing forces), but it relatively becomes weak when it comes to tensile forces like pulling or stretching.
Steel reinforcement in concrete combined concrete and steel to apply the best properties of both materials. It helps the structure in having strong, long- lasting, and able to withstand various types of loads.
Why is Reinforced Concrete Needed?
Concrete provides natural strong support when it’s compressed. In columns that bear heavy loads, concrete is a natural choice. In structures (beams and slabs) that are subject to other types of forces like bending, pulling, or twisting forces, the concrete tends to crack or break because of these tensile stresses.
Embedding steel bars (rebars) into concrete strengthens the concrete structure in all directions. The steel reinforcement can withstand stretching and pulling without breaking because steel has the general characteristic of high tensile strength.
Safer and more efficient construction of large buildings, bridges, roads, and other civil engineering works is possible.
Benefits of Reinforced Concrete
High Strength in Both Compression and Tension
Concrete has both excellent compressive and tensile strength. It resists both pushing and pulling forces and performs excellently under all types of structural loads. Concrete and steel together form an excellent composite material.
Long Lifespan and Durability
Reinforced concrete does not rust, rot, or decay if protected properly. It bears impact, weathering, and aging that can last over a century. RC structures are ideal for permanent constructions like dams, highways, and skyscrapers.
Fire and Weather Resistance
Concrete is a fire resistance that is non-combustible in nature. Unlike wood, plastic, etc., it can withstand fire exposure for several hours without structural failure. Apart from this advantage, reinforced concrete offers excellent resistance to wind, rain, and environmental changes, making it suitable for harsh climates.
Versatility in Shape and Design
Concrete is poured into molds (formwork) to the desired shape and size. It shaped into almost any geometry—curved facades, arches, domes, and more. When reinforced with steel, these shapes are not just artistic but also structurally sound. This versatility makes reinforced concrete a favorite material for architects and structural engineers.
Economic for Large Structures
Initially, using plain concrete may look attractive, but in the long term, reinforced concrete is more economical. It helps in creating fewer columns and thinner slabs that provide more usable space. The need for repairs and replacements is also reduced, which increases overall strength and longevity.
Monolithic Construction
Reinforced concrete construction is used in continuous structures (monoliths) like beams, slabs, and columns. Such parts of the structure have fewer joints that help in load distribution and make the building more earthquake-resistant and structurally cohesive.
Reduced Maintenance Costs
Unlike wood or plain steel structures, reinforced concrete provides resistance to structure from weather, fire, and pests. The overall maintenance of the structure is reduced over its lifetime and does not need frequent painting, rustproofing or pest control.
Excellent Bond Between Steel and Concrete
Steel and concrete have similar coefficients of thermal expansion, which means they expand and contract at nearly the same rate when temperature changes. Without causing internal cracking, a strong bond between the two materials remains over time. Additionally, the rough surface provides good mechanical anchorage inside the concrete.
Conclusion
- Property
- Compressive Strength
- Tensile Strength
- Flexibility
- Durability
- Fire Resistance
- Concrete
- Yes
- No
- No
- Moderate
- High
- Steel
- Yes
- Yes
- Yes
- Moderate
- Low
- Reinforced Concrete
- Yes
- Yes
- Yes
- High
- High
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